Legal Language-Research Essay Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Legal Language- Essay - Research Paper Example This assignment will look at the impact of new media on the conduct of judges and juries in relation to a public lecture by the Chief justice of the Victorian Supreme Court, Marilyn Warren, on Open justice in the technological age (Warren, 2013). Juries play a fundamental role in allowing for a participation in the criminal justice process that is all inclusive and reflective of the values found I the community (Robbers, 2008). As such, juries are made up of people gotten from the community and who determine the outcome of a trial. They are to reach decisions basing on the information obtained from court proceedings. This is done with full respect of the law and also in accordance to instructions given to them by the judges overseeing the trials. Information they obtain during court proceedings which in law sums up as evidence is not supposed to be communicated to members outside the jury (Harlow, 2012). They are required to make their deliberations among themselves and not include members of the public including friends and relatives as doing so would compromise on their impartiality if not objectivity. In addition, they are not supposed to have preconceived opinions pertaining to the defendant such as whether he is guilty or not and only use the rule of law to arrive at their decisions. The introduction of new media especially one that is associated with internet is threatening to undermine the workings of juries (Surette, 2014). This is because it posses the challenge on need to observe the right of the public to be given information pertain to their justice system and that of the accused to be subjected to a trial perceived to be fair by all standards. This challenge has caused some juries to be in new headlines for all the wrong reasons. Jurors are now getting used to accessing information that is fast passed as they constantly receive emails, Facebook and twitter posts that influences their

Why Marriage Matters Essay Example for Free

Why Marriage Matters Essay Marriage matters. If marriage did not matter, would it even be considered when growing up? Today, I feel that the word â€Å"marriage† is often misunderstood, and that’s why I am intrigued by any research that has been done on this topic. Like most, I believed that the divorce rate was skyrocketing. However, as I was going through my Marriage and Family book, I quickly began to realize that marriage has survived through it all due to its importance. According to the report I chose, â€Å"Why Marriage Matters,† in the later half of the twentieth century, divorce posed the biggest threat to marriage and was the event most likely to undercut the quality and stability of children’s family lives in the United States. Since, then divorce rates have come down and children who are now born to married couples are actually more likely to grow up with both of their parents than were children born at the height of the divorce revolution. Today, cohabitation has emerged as a powerful alternative to and competitor with marriage but also has become an unrecognized threat to the quality and stability of children’s family lives. Today’s children are also more likely to spend time in a cohabiting household than they are to see their parents’ divorce. About a fourth of children are born to cohabiting couples than to single mothers. This report focuses on the impact that cohabitation is having on marriage, family life, and the welfare of children. Children and health are two of the most important aspects of life. According to research, the structure of a family is the most important thing when considering the health of your child. Children in cohabiting households do significantly worse than children than children in intact, married families and about as poorly as children living in single-parent homes. Also, children in cohabiting homes are more likely to be physically, sexually, and emotionally abused according to recent federal data. American life is becoming increasingly unstable for children. Multiple transitions are especially linked to higher reports of school failure, behavioral problems, and drug use among many other problems. It is not just the structure of a family that matters it is the stability as well. One of the biggest reasons that children’s lives are increasingly turbulent is that cohabitation households are much more fragile than married families. â€Å"Complex households,† where parents have children with more than one partner, have shown that the children whom come from these relationships will have poor relationships with their parents and can sometimes lead to health and behavioral problems. When it comes to a child’s wellbeing, research suggests that family structure is a better predictor of children’s psychological and social welfare.

Comparing Two Advertisements :: Adverts, Compare and Contrast

The two advertisements (adverts) which I have chosen to analyse are:- †¢ Lux Shower gel for women †¢ L’Orà ©al straightening cream for women I chose Lux shower gel advert from my recent cosmopolitan magazine. Already it is clear who the target audience is for this advert. Cosmopolitan is an expensive, designer magazine. Aimed towards glamorous and the higher class women, implying that this product must also be expensive. From my point of view I feel that the target audience for this advert is younger women who want to be more mature, and the older women who want to look younger. My second advert is advertising L’Orà ©al hot straightening cream for women. I also took this advert from the number one magazine for women – Cosmopolitan. This is because this advert is aimed specifically for women, and for the more mature and well off women. And this I feel is the age that this advert is aiming for, though it appears to me that it may also be attractive to the younger age group as the advert comes across to be very girly and focused on the younger audience. This advert is clearly for the more late night, party ladies who enjoy a laugh and some fun unlike the Lux’s adverts audience was the complete opposite to this advert, though they come from the same magazine. The brand name â€Å"Lux† could be an abbreviation of the word luxurious, perfect for the description of this advert. This is also clear from the use of font in this advert. The smooth curve from the letter â€Å"L† to â€Å"x† (LUX) is connected and flows well. It looks smooth, and this comes across in the advert. The product name Lux is written at the top of the advert; we are first drawn to this as it is the largest text on the advert. In gold font colour, with a shadow background it looks as if it is in blocks of letters. We are drawn to this first when looking at this advert. The company for the product â€Å"L’Orà ©al† is a well known cosmetic and

Mary Wollstonecraft Essay

Mary Wollstonecraft was a writer of the Enlightenment and her work, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, is a perfect example of a piece of literature of the time. She took a topic, women’s rights, and applied to it the reason and logical thinking that was so important during the Enlightenment. Very important in Wollstonecraft’s work is the gritty realness and harsh reality of the writing itself. While Romanticism loved to use sweet phases and pretty words, Wollstonecraft spoke plainly. She used hard hitting ideals, such as women were â€Å"rendered weak and wretched† by following the manners men required of them. The reason she was so brutal was she wanted to incite reform. Enlightenment writers presented their rational ideals, well thought out and explained, in an effort to persuade others to agree. Wollstonecraft relied on more than just her rational argument, but on the strength of her words. She believed, â€Å"From the tyranny of men the greater number of female follies proceed†, and she had made it her mission to change that. Another very important goal of the Enlightenment writers was to promote change. They wanted to strip away all the prettiness and write about the truth. They intend their works not as entertainment, but as ideals which not only made people think, but encouraged them to take these ideals and change society. It was the same with Wollstonecraft, and she was working against major barriers to create her change. First of all, men would not agree with her radical ideals and men controlled the society, especially the intellectual society. Also, many women believed their lot in life was fine and they didn’t agree with Wollstonecraft insulting it so much. However, Wollstonecraft had a goal, â€Å"I wish to persuade women to endeavor to acquire strength. † She desired not only strength, but the same right as men to be rational, and for it she is considered the â€Å"mother of modern feminism. † â€Å"The Autumn,† has nothing of the fierceness and determination of A Vindication of the Rights of Women. While Vindication is a battle call, â€Å"The Autumn† is a lulling of the senses and a poem that encourages people to think of happiness and not the facts of life. Imagery is all important in â€Å"The Autumn† and the images in the poem work to summon up thoughts Keats wants to connect to the season, fertility and beauty. Fertility is a continuing theme in the poem, brought out by such phrases as â€Å"fill as fruit with ripeness to the core,† and â€Å"plump hazel shells with a sweet kernel†. After all, autumn is the season of harvest and Keats uses the images of the coming harvest to invoke in the reader a sense of the glory of the time. Another theme very present in the poem is the theme of the beauty of the season. Keats uses various phrases which uses not only the sight but the hearing to experience the glory of autumn. For sight, Keats uses such phrases as â€Å"and touch the stubble, plains with rosy hue†, and â€Å"while barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day†, to create with words a vision so strong the reader ‘sees’ it in the mind’s eye. As for hearing, Keats writes of the sounds of the season to take the reader back to that time of year. â€Å"The red-breast whistles from a garden croft† and â€Å"full grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn† calls to the reader in images that go from just words to almost hearing the birds and lambs as they call. In this way, imagery doesn’t just prompt ‘seeing’ autumn, but ‘hearing’ it as well. Keats also gives us a depiction of a woman. But, while Wollstonecraft paints the picture of a silly creature that is ridiculous and bound, Keats gives her an almost unearthly beauty. She is spirit-like, with â€Å"hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind† and soft and yielding, â€Å"drow’d with the fume of poppies†. This isn’t a woman ready to fight for equality, but rather a gentle creature that enjoys in her soft world.

Analysis: In School Days

In School Life is a melancholy poem written by John Greenleaf Whittier. In the poem an old man reflects back upon his life and remembers his childhood days. One incident in particular stands out, when he experiences his first love. As one grows older they learn to appreciate what the true treasures in life are and that those moments will stay in their hearts forever. Whittier sets the scene by an old schoolhouse by a road. It is his schoolhouse, where he grew up and his education began. And blackberry-vines are creeping. / Within the masters desk is seen, / Deep-scarred by raps official. He gives the audience a feeling a darkness and sadness. This is being emphasized by Whittier with the word creeping in the forth line. The point of view is that of a young boy. As the school day ends everyone leaves, except for a little boy and girl. They meet after school and the girl tells the boy she loves him. I hate to go above you, / Because, —the brown eyes lower fell,— / Because, you see, I love you! At first she is talking to him to apologize for making him look bad in class. She than tells him that she is sorry because she loves him. Whittier uses the dash marks around the phrase the brown eyes lower fell to emphasize the change in mood from a little dark and sad to an embarrassing moment in time that changes the whole feeling of the poem, to love and warmth. After the speaker tells of how he met his first love he returns to the present time. Still memory to a gray-haired man / That sweet child-face is showing. He is an old man now but he still vividly remembers down to the last detail, how he met her. This is one of those things that he will never forget as long as he lives. Dear girl! The grasses on her grave / Have forty years been growing. The narrator is saying that even though years have passed, love is one of those things that is not just forgotten; it remains with the person forever.

Definition and Examples of Hidden Verbs in English

Definition and Examples of Hidden Verbs in English Hidden verb is an informal term in traditional grammar for needless nominalization: a verb-noun combination used in place of a single, more forceful verb (for example, make an improvement in place of improve). Also known as a  diluted verb or a smothered verb. Because hidden verbs contribute to wordiness, they are generally considered a stylistic fault, especially in academic writing, business writing, and technical writing. Examples and Observations Common in functional prose is the weakened or dilute verb. Some writers avoid a specific verb like consider; they choose instead a general verb of little meaning like take or give and add the noun consideration with the necessary prepositions, as in take into consideration and give consideration to, devote consideration to, and expend consideration on. Thus they not only use three words to do the work of one, but also take the meaning from the strongest word in the sentence, the verb, and place the meaning in the noun that has a subordinate position. . . . Weak as a jigger of Scotch in a pitcher of water, this is neither good liquor nor good water. (Henrietta J. Tichy, Effective Writing for Engineers, Managers, Scientists. Wiley, 1966) Making a Sentence Say What It Means Heres a sentence from a report I once edited: The consumer must make intelligent choices when buying tires. The verb in this sentence is make. But is the consumer really making something? No. What the sentence means is that the consumer must choose. So we can improve this sentence by making it say what it means: The consumer must choose intelligently when buying tires. Alternatively, since the word consumer implies buying, we might revise the sentence even further: The consumer must choose tires intelligently. (Kenneth W. Davis, The McGraw-Hill 36-Hour Course: Business Writing and Communication, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, 2010) Latinate Suffixes When you turn a verb into a noun, you are nominalizinga horrible thing to do. An obvious indication that you have just nominalized a verb is that the word gets longer, often by adding a Latinate suffix like tion, ization, or worse. . . . Dont abuse a verb by making it act like a noun. (Lisa Price, Hot Text. New Riders, 2002) Spotting Hidden Verbs The number of hidden verbs  is as great as the number of verbs to be hidden. However, these nine helping verbs commonly produce long, verb-suppressed constructions: have, give, perform, make, produce, accomplish, achieve, experience, and conduct. Compare the hidden verbs in the sentence pairs below. In each case, the second example contains a verb that has surfaced. The new law will have an influence on future building.The new law will influence future building.  We will need to perform an analysis of traffic volumes at this intersection.We will need to​ analyze traffic volumes at this intersection. . . .  The new policy produced benefits for employees.The new policy benefited employees.  We can conduct a survey of this lot.We can survey this lot.  Too many nouns will achieve the dilution of writing.Too many nouns will dilute writing. Looking for the helping verbs above is one good way to identify potential verbs. (Barry Eckhouse, Competitive Communication: A Rhetoric for Modern Business. Oxford University Press, 1999) Losing Weight Many writers suffer from an overdependence on nouns. Given the choice between a verb and the noun form of a verb (called a nominalization), they instinctively choose the noun, perhaps under the mistaken notion that the noun will add authority and weight to their words. Well, it does add weight, but its the wrong kind of weight, and this tendency results in a noun-heavy style. For example, rather than writing I need to revise that sentence, they will write, I need to make a revision in that sentence. . . . Heres another example of a sentence weighed down by nouns. My suggestion is that we make a reduction in our overhead. Compare that sentence with I suggest we reduce our overhead. The verb-energized version is not only more concise (six words rather than eleven), but also more emphaticand the person standing behind those words sounds more decisive. (Stephen Wilbers, Keys to Great Writing. Writers Digest Books, 2000) Also See How to Recover Hidden VerbsBattologyConcisenessDynamic VerbsMore Ways to Cut the Clutter in WritingVerbosity

Ballot or the Bullet Essay on Malcolm Xs Speech Essays

Ballot or the Bullet Essay on Malcolm Xs Speech Essays Ballot or the Bullet Essay on Malcolm Xs Speech Essay Ballot or the Bullet Essay on Malcolm Xs Speech Essay Colin Ransom English 12A Ms. Davis The Ballot or The Bullet-Malcolm X -Malcolm’s primary audiences were mainly African Americans. He addressed the whites and the white news media, because he felt that they played a very key and significant role in his discussion of the Ballot or the Bullet. He spoke of the whites in such an uncompromising fashion because he felt that the whites were to blame, of the oppression and struggle in the black community. Malcolm also had a very intriguing way of getting the listeners attention with his select speech and vernacular. By not flattering the audience Malcolm displayed that he was a very serious man and had no time for games in this particular discussion. He defined grounds of disagreement because he viewed the whites as the leaders of trouble in the black community. He did not agree on any decision made by the whites in the black community because he knew there was crooked and evil moral behind it that the common black man could not recognize. Malcolm was a very honest and veracious person, and because he strived to better his people in the African-American community he knew his straight forwardness and honesty had to be presented in order for them to receive the message thoroughly. They applauded him because they were all there to learn, to grown and begin on this new journey of Black Nationalism that Malcolm displayed, so when he made comments on their character that they all intended to destroy it gave them a sense of pride and joy to know someone was behind them. Malcolm knew he was a target by not only the whites, but also the world. Having a gun in his possession would only lead to more trouble his way. Malcolm preached that you shall not start any kind of trouble with the law or anyone, but if it was brought upon you, then do not turn the other cheek, but fight back for your rights as a human being. So having a gun only showed that you were looking for trouble and he in fact wasn’t. Like before Malcolm knew better than to actually start any trouble or retaliation against anyone that hadn’t directly attack him. So by outburst starting retaliation would not show he was a man of composure and strategy in his doings. Malcolm was sincere in that he never held his tongue for no one. He always told the truth in whatever it was he was doing.

13 Most Common North American Pine Species

13 Most Common North American Pine Species Pine is a coniferous tree  in the genus Pinus, in the family Pinaceae. There are about 115 species of pines worldwide, although different authorities accept between 105 and 125 species. Pines are native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. Pines are evergreen and resinous trees (rarely shrubs). The smallest pine is Siberian Dwarf Pine and Potosi Pinyon, and the tallest pine is Sugar Pine. Pines are among the most plentiful and commercially important of tree species, valued for their timber and wood pulp throughout the world. In temperate and semi-tropical regions, pines are fast-growing softwoods that will grow in relatively dense stands, their acidic decaying needles inhibiting the sprouting of competing hardwoods. They are often grown in plantation managed forests for both lumber and paper. The Common North American Pines There are actually 36 major species of native pines in North America. They are the most ubiquitous  conifer in the United States, easily recognized by most people and very successful in maintaining solid and valuable stands. Pines are especially widespread and predominant in the Southeast and on drier sites in the Western mountains. Here are the most common and valuable pines that are native to the United States and Canada. Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)Western white pine (Pinus monticola)Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana)Red pine (Pinus resinosa)Pitch pine (Pinus rigida)Jack pine (Pinus banksiana)Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)Shortleaf pine (Pinus  echinata)Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana)Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) Major Characteristics of the Pines Sigrid Intraligi / EyeEm  / Getty Images   Leaves: All of these common pines have needles in bundles of between 2 and 5 needles and wrapped (sheathed) together with paper-thin scales that attach to the twig. The needles in these bundles become the trees leaf that persists for two years before dropping as the tree continues to grow new needles every year. Even as the needles are dropping bi-annually, the pine maintains its evergreen appearance.   Deva Botyt / EyeEm  / Getty Images Cones: Pines have two types of cones - one to produce pollen and one to develop and drop seeds. The smaller pollen cones are attached to new shoots and produce a  massive amount of pollen every year. The larger woody cones are seed-bearing cones and mostly attached to limbs on short stalks or  stalkless sessile attachments. Pine cones usually mature in the second year, dropping a winged seed from between each cone scale. Depending on the species of pine, empty cones may drop off immediately after seed fall or hang on for several years or many years. Some pines have fire cones that only open after the heat from a wildland or prescribed fire releases the seed. Donald E. Hall  / Getty Images Bark and Limbs: A pine species with smooth bark generally grows in an environment where a fire is limited. Pine species that have adapted to a fire ecosystem will have scaly and furrowed bark. A conifer, when seen with tufted needles on stout limbs is confirmation that the tree is in the genus Pinus.

Infalation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Infalation - Essay Example Many types of inflations can have a wide range of different influences, consequences and amends. There is no rigorously binding definition of arrays of situations in cost increase; still some clues can be given as it follows: Extreme High Inflation could array anyplace between 50% and 100%.High Inflation is a condition in which the price increase of, 30%-50% in a year. Both types can be static or hazardously speed up to enter in a hyperinflation state. Cost Push Inflation this occurs when rise in the costs are came about to the consumer which causes increased prices. Higher prices can develop from rise in the prices of the confinement, increasing interest grades or increasing import prices. Demand Pull Inflation this happens when the issue for commodity and services surmounts the supplying. In this case, the increase need extends to an increase in the cost of the under supplied commodities and services, i.e. too much money is tracking too few commodities (Gert D et al, 2000.p.83-107). Recipients of funds as the original value of refund falls overtime, all other become equivalent. Holders of real pluses such as place or any land whose assess can keep pace with the increasing cost level. On the other hand, the most adverse affect of inflating is that it cramps the economic growth. Inflation brings down the original value of money capital overtime. It scales down the will to save and interest. Hence, it apprehends the economic build up of the society (M.Jeya Chandra et al, 2005, p.723-730). Inflation impacts different groups of people unevenly. The big producers and the businessman can attain a lot from the inflation. Inflation is greatly poignant the common man. In the recent days, the prices of all goods like rice, vegetables, meats, fruits etc are increasing rapidly that a common man has to think first before buying all these things. Cost of all these are raising but the income of a common man is not rising according to it. Hence, the common man is in financial obligation due to this inflation. We see many cars

Malaria among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa Essay

Malaria among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa - Essay Example (UNICEF and WHO 2004, 2-3). Given these harmful effects of LBW to children’s survival LBW then puts humanity and society’s future in peril. This danger doubles with the interaction of malaria and HIV, as researches (Steketee et al. 1996, Parise et al. 1998, Verhoeff et al. 1999, and van Eijk 2001) indicate that â€Å"pregnant women infected with HIV demonstrate more frequent and higher density parasitemia than pregnant women not infected with HIV† (cited in Ayisi et al. 2004, 643). Both diseases are found prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa (Global HIV/AIDS epidemic update 2001) thus, the deadly co-infection of HIV and malaria in pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa is common in many of its areas. The effect of the interaction of malaria and HIV specifically in pregnant women is most visible in malaria-endemic areas and in areas with generalized HIV. Since sub-Saharan Africa suffers a high burden of both diseases, co-infection is common in its many areas – among its countries most severely affected are Central African Republic, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe. It is estimated that at least there are about 440, 000 women in sub-Saharan Africa infected with malaria during pregnancy due to HIV, as HIV infection weakens pregnant women’s immunity to P. falciparum infection (WHO 2004, 5-6; Ayisi et. Al. 2004, 643) – the most deadly among the four main parasites causing human malaria; the most common malaria parasite in sub-Saharan Africa, to which the extremely high malaria-related mortality in this region is attributed (Greenwood 1999, 617); and more common in pregnant than non-pregnant women that causes both prematurity gestation of less than 37 weeks and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) (Guyatt and Snow 2004, 760). Studies (Ayisi et al. 2003, cited in Gender and Health 2007; Ayisi et al. 2004; ter Kuile et al. 2004)

Texas Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Texas Government - Essay Example It required clinics that performed abortion to meet surgical standards as those in hospital-style surgical centers and mandated that a doctor have admitting privileges at a hospital within 30 miles of the facility where he or she performed abortions (National Women Corporate Center). Democrats and abortion rights advocates, in a bid to stop the legislation, said that this law could result to most of the 42 clinics in the state which performed abortions to close as they would incur a lot of expenses in a bid to be licensed as to perform abortion: expensive renovations or relocations to meet equipment and architectural standards (National Women Corporate Center). Given that the legislature was controlled by the Republicans then, passing of the law a simple task as seen on the concept map. By passing the anti-abortion bill, it went against the woman’s fourteenth amendment right to choose to terminate pregnancy before vitality. This was clearly a violation of women’s constitutional right. This law also denied a woman the ability to make an extremely personal medical decision. In addition, mandatory ultrasound laws presented disrespect for women’s decision making abilities and clinical judgment of a doctor. In 2013, Texas passed laws requiring abortion providers to have admission privileges at hospitals. This law clearly gave hospitals more powers than doctors. Passing the laws that many clinics did not meet the stated surgical standards, requiring them to be upgraded to the expected standards, resulted to many clinics being closed. This deprived the women fundamental constitutional rights. In Texas the district court judge blocked this provision from going into effect, this decision was reversed by the appellate court and U.S. Supreme Court did not reinstate the district court’s injunction (Besset, 6). Although the law is in effect, this case is still under

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 49

No topic - Essay Example Refusing certain mutations we "play the role of God" to some extent. Another, essential from an ethical point of view, disadvantage lies in the fact that this type of diagnosis may be available only to people with high fortune. That means that poor people are unable to use these methods. Because this is unfair, it is necessary to develop state program that can provide an opportunity for low-income families to use this type of diagnosis. Finally, the worst thing in preimplantation diagnosis is that during selection of healthy embryos some of them can be killed. It is difficult bioethical issue. Concerning advantages of this diagnosis: firstly, and most important, in that way we can provide a high quality of life for our children and their parents. People should never forget that even given birth to a child with specific genetic disease, like Down syndrome, parents devote the child to suffer throughout all life. Second, we saturate our human population of healthy genes, which reduces the likelihood of recurrence of the disease. Second, we saturate our human population by healthy genes, which reduces probability recurrence of the disease. Overall, the use of genetics is becoming broader significance in our lives. This applies to medicine, agriculture and many other things around us. Heredity of certain physical properties, such as body type, composition of muscle fiber and type of sensorimotor reactions may affect the achievement in sport (Miah). The task of modern society is to prevent the parents to choose their children`s quality. This process should be natural and "playing God" it not possible from an ethical point of view. Thus, taken into consideration that progress cannot be stopped, we should pay more attention to bioethical

Development and Globalization in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Development and Globalization in Africa - Essay Example Dams and water reservoirs have the ability to divert the natural course of rivers, a process that affects the economic and social position of other countries served by the same water body. The development of dams also changes the original riparian users of such natural resources to new beneficiaries, a situation that can create national animosity and understanding. Based on this argument, the construction of dams is affected by the need to bring together the conflicting interests of different nations affected by the same decision. Nations must find the best ways to share the available resources equitably and in a sustainable manner with the aim of meeting the needs of the environment and the economy as a whole2. The development of most African countries has been centered on the need to empower the agricultural sector and reduce the cost of energy generation and electricity use. This goal has been achieved fully or in part in most African countries such as Egypt and Ghana through the construction of dams and water reservoirs. The commission reports on dams highlight the significant position that dams play in the progressive development of an economy. First, dams remain significant and influential in the development and economic empowerment of human beings. Countries such as Egypt have derived massive benefits from dams constructed on controversial water bodies such as river Nile3. Secondly, most countries and people have been forced to pay significant amount of money to safeguard the benefits accrued from the construction of such dams in different parts of the continent. In most instances, the cost that has been incurred to secure the construction of such sites goes beyond the financial value it has on the economy and the people. Some communities living downstream and using the water bodies for various purposes have been forced into

Themes of Romantic Music and Renaissance Painting Essay

Themes of Romantic Music and Renaissance Painting - Essay Example A common value that romantic music appreciatively adds on the development of renaissance painting is the period that the two art elements came to existence. By romantic music having existed at the same century as that which renaissance paintings did, it was inevitable that the value of romantic music were relayed through the work of fine art as the artists of that time postulated. An artist like Leonardo da Vinci was known to express and relay emotion on painting canvas, being an artist who appreciated the element of romantic music he could then bring himself to supplement romantic music with paintings effectively. A denoted development such as the invention of musical instruments during the 17th century is a value that effectively influenced the development of renaissance painting. Instruments such as the piano and the guitar are elements that represent music. This element of music representation then reciprocated as renaissance artists could then assign a music instruments incorpor ating it in their paintings to represent musical paintings. A very famous painting of a man playing a guitar; by Fiery Lombard done in 1590’s in Rome is a representation of this type of paintings inspired by musical instruments. A theme appreciated as that that facilitated the renaissance paintings is religion. Many artists such as Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci had a very strong religious background; therefore, in some of their paintings, they most likely choose to incorporate religious elements in their paintings.

Development and Globalization in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Development and Globalization in Africa - Essay Example Dams and water reservoirs have the ability to divert the natural course of rivers, a process that affects the economic and social position of other countries served by the same water body. The development of dams also changes the original riparian users of such natural resources to new beneficiaries, a situation that can create national animosity and understanding. Based on this argument, the construction of dams is affected by the need to bring together the conflicting interests of different nations affected by the same decision. Nations must find the best ways to share the available resources equitably and in a sustainable manner with the aim of meeting the needs of the environment and the economy as a whole2. The development of most African countries has been centered on the need to empower the agricultural sector and reduce the cost of energy generation and electricity use. This goal has been achieved fully or in part in most African countries such as Egypt and Ghana through the construction of dams and water reservoirs. The commission reports on dams highlight the significant position that dams play in the progressive development of an economy. First, dams remain significant and influential in the development and economic empowerment of human beings. Countries such as Egypt have derived massive benefits from dams constructed on controversial water bodies such as river Nile3. Secondly, most countries and people have been forced to pay significant amount of money to safeguard the benefits accrued from the construction of such dams in different parts of the continent. In most instances, the cost that has been incurred to secure the construction of such sites goes beyond the financial value it has on the economy and the people. Some communities living downstream and using the water bodies for various purposes have been forced into

Research Methods in the Social Sciences Assignment

Research Methods in the Social Sciences - Assignment Example The subject which is unable to be examined could not be selected for conducting a social research. Keeping in view the fundamental principles of social research, the researcher aims to conduct his research work on the following topic: The researcher will write a brief outline of the entire research procedure in the Abstract of the research, in which the research topic, theoretical framework, hypothesis and research tools and techniques will be discussed. In addition, the researcher will describe the universe selected for his study. The first chapter of the research will consist of introduction, in which the causes of selecting the topic and significance of the topic will be discussed. Statement of the problem will also be the part of the chapter, in which the researcher will define the problem in details and objectives of the study will also be described in a precise way. The following hypothesis will be developed for the present study: The second chapter of the research will consist of the literature relevant to the study. The researcher will explain the studies have already been conducted on the same and similar topics. These studies might be on social classes, leisure time, social discrimination and the patterns of recreational activities. Chapter three will carry theoretical framework, in which Thorstein Veblen’s Theory of Leisure Class (1912) and Social Stratification Theory developed by Davis & Moore (1945) will be explained with reference to the present research. The researcher will interlink these theories with his research work. Chapter four of the present study will describe the universe and sampling procedure. Since the researcher aims to conduct his study in New York City, the universe will be the people belonging to divergent social and cultural classes of New York. Quantitative methods of research will be applied in this

AP Dashanchurna Essay Example for Free

AP Dashanchurna Essay Operating since 1912, Ayurvedia Pharmacy is one of the oldest operating pharmacies in Bangladesh. Despite its long life, it has failed to make its mark as one of the prominent companies in this country. It has a range of over 100 products but only four of these are prominent. Even among these four, some are faltering and losing ground to new entrants. AP Dashanchurna (white toothpowder) is one of these products. AP Dashanchurna has been around for a very long time, but it gained popularity after the current owners took over the company from the government in the year 1979. It gained the epitome of popularity in the years 1990-95 when this name was a household name. Regretfully, AP Dashanchurna has not been able to hold on to its glory. AP Dashanchurna is now a losing concern. The company has held onto this product simply because it has been one of the flagship brands of the company for a long time. The problem with AP Dashanchurna is that it has failed to capitalize on its long life and fame. In the meantime, products like Magic Toothpowder, Colgate Toothpowder, Shakti Majan etc have gained significant foothold in the market. These companies take a more structured approach to identifying the target market and have significantly better marketing communication. AP Dashanshurna has failed because it has not balanced its marketing communication with the target market and hence lost customers. It also failed to make use of its chief strength, the herbal makeup of the products. AP Dashanchurna is launching a new campaign in an effort to rejuvenate the product. They are bringing changes in the packaging, going for television commercials and newspaper advertisements. They do not undertake any activities to find out consumer insights, and marketing communications are based only on gut feeling of the marketers. A set of recommendations have been proposed for AP Dashanchurna. Our recommended marketing campaign is focused on its relevant target market and its perception in the market. The whole marketing mix has been renovated and a new marketing mix has been suggested for AP Dashanchurna. It is expected that this marketing mix will help redeem the product’s value and perception in its target market.

Research Strategy for Employee Motivation Research

Research Strategy for Employee Motivation Research Research is seeking through methodical processes to add to ones own body of knowledge and to that of others, by the discovery of nontrivial facts and insights (Sharp et al., 2002). Davis (1999) defines business research as a systematic, controlled and critical investigation of phenomena which used to help the managerial decision makers. Before conducting a research there is a need of clear planning of how to conduct the research. According to Saunders et al. (1997) research strategy is the general plan of how the researcher will answer the research question that has set. There should be clear objective that derived from the research question and specify the source form where to collect data for the research. For this research primary and secondary data will be used. Primary data is the data which does not found in a compiled way. The researcher need to collect it and compiled in such a format that help in the decision making process (Bryman, 1988). On other side those data that has a lready been collected by someone for some other purpose is known as secondary data (Gill Johnson, 2002). Research is a scientific and systematic search for related information about topics and its study. It is a systematic method of finding solutions to problems. According to Clifford woody research comprises of designing and redesigning problems, forecasting hypothesis, collecting, organizing, and evaluation of data, making deductions and research conclusions at last carefully testing conclusion to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis. RESEARCH DESIGN: bit modified required Research design can be thought of as the structure of research it works like glue that connects the entire found element in a research project and put them together. For doing my research on motivation of employee performance in ASDA, CROSSHURBOUR (London, UK), I choose Descriptive research method. The objective of this research is to portray accurately the characteristics of a particular group, situation or individual. For this research I would like to do make interview and questionnaires that is a quantitative research method. A well defined questionnaire was used effectively to gather information on both overall performance of the test system and specific components of the system. For this I will follow the following steps, I will ask permission form the appropriate person in the ASDA Croeehurbour, UK that I can start to research on the store, Then I will make a questioner form related to the employee motivation, After this I will run a pilot testing of the questioner form, to see weather they are acceptable or not according to the business and academic standard, Then I will randomly give the questioner form to the employers of ASDA, i.e., involving some managers, team-leaders, supervisors, day and night shift colleges both male and female. Then I will analysis the collected data and find out conclusions on these. I believe this method will narrow down a very broad field of research into easy researchable topics. This research design is also useful for testing whether scientific theories and models actually work in the real world. PILOT/ PRE-TESTING: To see how actually the questionnaire works a pilot/ pre-testing of questionnaire was conducted, which was distributed to some people who are expert in the field and then all of them were collected back as completed questionnaires and take their feedback. On the basis of doubts raised by the respondents of this collected questionnaire, the questionnaire was redialed to its present form. As a result of the pilot test, minor changes in word selection and instructions were made to the questionnaire. METHODOLOGY The research design for this study employed a descriptive survey method. The target population of this study included employees at the ASDA, Crosshurbour London, UK). The sample size included all 50 employees of the target population out of 300. Forty-eight of the 50 employees participated in the survey for a participation rate of 96%. From a review of literature, a survey questionnaire was developed to collect data for the study [(Bowen Radhakrishna (1991); Harpaz (1990); Kovach (1987)]. Data was collected through use of a written questionnaire hand-delivered to participants. Questionnaires were filled out by participants and returned to me. The questionnaire asked participants to choose the appropriate relevant to them, ranking the importance of factors that motivated them in doing their work: 1=strongly agree . . . 5= strongly disagree. DATA COLLECTION METHOD: I collect data through by two ways, Primary data Secondary data The data that required for our project will be collected through two sources, firstly from the primary sources and this source consists of the data analyzed from questionnaire and interaction with the user at that time only and secondly for secondary data I will be collected from records, company websites journals, books and magazines, internet as a source. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION: While conducting the research some issues need to follow. The procedure of data collection should maintain properly. Reliability and quality of data should be ensured. The permission of the appropriate authority is necessary before doing the investigation for primary research. The information cannot be used for any other illegal or unfair purposes and the information must remain as the property of the researcher. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: There are some certain limitations for this study which are mentioned below- Survey has been done only on the employee of ASDA, CROSSHARBOUR (London, UK), not whole ASDA in UK. The time of study was limited. The study is based on a sample size of data collection. The employers were chosen randomly. It was very difficult to get the information from the primary sources due to busy scheduling. Ref: Used in this chapter http://www.joe.org/joe/1998june/rb3.php Bowen, B. E., Radhakrishna, R. B. (1991). Job satisfaction of agricultural education faculty: A constant phenomena. Journal of Agricultural Education, 32 (2). 16-22. Harpaz, I. (1990). The importance of work goals: an international perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 21. 75-93. Kovach, K. A. (1987). What motivates employees? Workers and supervisors give different answers. Business Horizons, 30. 58-65. Questionnaires to the managers Date: 20.02.2011 Manager ADSA Supermarket Crosshourbour London,UK A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION Sir/Madam, As a part of my project I would like to do research and gather some information from you, about employers motivation in the organization. It will help me in an in depth study of project. I would be obliged if you co-operate with me in filling the questionnaire. Since the questionnaire is being used for academic purpose, the information gathered will be strictly confidential. Sincerely Md. Badiuzzaman MBA Researcher Please see attachment below. Kindly answer the following: Name of the employee: Position: Researcher: Md. Badiuzzaman Organization name: ASDA, crosshurbour Date: 20/02/2011 (Please put cross [X] in the appropriate box) 1. How long been you are working here? A) Less than 1 year B) 01-05 years C) 06-10 years D) 11-15years E) More than 15 years Is the Present HR functions is working effectively in the company to motivate employees? Highly satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied How employee motivation adding value to the company? By- (Rank 5- strongly agree, 4-Agree, 3-neutral, 2-disagree, 1-strongly disagree) No Factors Rates 1 Employees are sincere to their job 2 Giving best output to the customers 3 Making good relations with the managers 4 Making the work place as a friendly environment 5 Helpful attitude towards change Is the human resource management strategies meeting firm goals and objectives: Yes No Occasionally Is the motivating factors increasing firms profitability? Influence Does not influence No opinion What are the most effective factors that being used to motivate the employees? (Rank 1, 2, 3, 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. respectively) No Factors Rank Salary increase Bonuses Leave Motivational talks Recognition What other HRM practices could ASDA implement to improve employee motivation? (Rank 5- strongly agree, 4-Agree, 3-neutral, 2-disagree, 1-strongly disagree) No Factors Rank Rewarding on weekly basis sales Employee of the months (recognition) Selected goal for the individual Seasonal instant reward Offer help with career goals Pinpoint each employees personality Find out employees need at work What HRM strategies are generally using by ASDA to motivate their employees? Questionnaires to the EMPLOYEES Date: 20-02-2011 A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION Sir /Madam, As a part of my project I would like to gather some information from you which will help me in an in depth study of the project. I would be obliged if you co-operate with me in filling the questionnaire. Since the questionnaire is being used for academic purpose, the information gathered will be strictly confidential. Kind regards MD. Badiuzzaman Kindly fill the following: Name of the employee: Position: Researcher: Md. Badiuzzaman Organization name: ASDA, crosshurbour Date: 20/02/2011 (Please put cross [X] in the appropriate box) 1. Are you satisfied with the support from the HR department? A) Highly satisfied B) Satisfied C) Neutral D) Dissatisfied E) Highly Dissatisfied 2. How long been you are working here? A) Less than 1 year B) 01-05 years C) 06-10 years D) 11-15years E) More than 15 years 3. Management is really interested in motivating the employees? A) Strongly agree B) Agree C) Neutral D) Disagree E) strongly disagree 4. Are you satisfied with the effort to you and your performance by the superior and the team members? A) Highly satisfied B) Satisfied C) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied D) Dissatisfied E) Highly Dissatisfied 5. Which type of incentives motivates you more? A) Financial incentives B) Non-financial incentives C) Both 4. How far you are satisfied with the incentives provided by the organization? A) Highly satisfied B) Satisfied C) Neutral D) Dissatisfied E) Highly Dissatisfied 7. Do you think that the incentives and other benefits will influence your performance? A) Influence B) Does not influence C) No opinion 8. Does the management involve you in decision making which are connected to your department? A) Yes B) No C) Occasionally 9. What is your suggestion about the recognition given by the management? A) Highly satisfied B) satisfied C) neither satisfied nor dissatisfied D) Dissatisfied E) Highly Dissatisfied 10. Whether your suggestion will be considered during your job? A) Frequently B) Rarely C) Occasionally 11. Does the mission and purpose make you feel the importance of your job? A) Always B) Mostly C) Sometimes D) Rarely E) Not at all 12. Do you agree that frequent chance has been given to improving your skill and job knowledge? A) Highly agree B) Agree C) neither agree nor disagree D) Disagree E) Highly Disagree 13. Do you agree with the company functions conducted in your organization? A) Highly agree B) Agree C) Neither agree nor disagree D) Disagree E) Highly Disagree 14. Are you satisfied with the stress relief programs conducted in your organization A) Highly satisfied B) Satisfied C) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied D) Dissatisfied E) Highly Dissatisfied 15. Do you get the information you need to do your job well? A) Highly agree B) Agree C) Neither agree nor disagree D) Disagree E) Highly Disagree 16. Please provide the following rates. (5- Strongly agree, 4- Agree, 3-Neutral, 2-Disagree, 1-Strongly disagree) No Factors Rates Reasonable periodical increase in salary Job security exist in the company Good relationship with co-workers Effective performance appraisal system Effective promotional opportunities in the organization Good safety measures adopted in the organization. Performance appraisal activities are helpful to get motivated Support from the co-worker is helpful to get motivated Company recognize and acknowledge your work 17. Rank the following factors which motivates you the most? (5- Highly, 4- Normal, 3-Neutral, 2-Not much, 1-Not at all) No Factors Rank Salary increase Promotion Leave Motivational talks Recognition 18. What changes can be made to improve the work place environment? Have to include SEX: M or F (Source: http://www.scribd.com/doc/7523739/sathy at 23.02.2011 at 09.20pm) ( Source: http://www.experiment-resources.com/case-study-research-design.html ) (Source: www.knowthis.com/principles-of-marketing-tutorials/marketing-research/research-validity-and-reliability/ , 22/02/2011, 5.10pm) (Source: http://www.knowthis.com/principles-of-marketing-tutorials/marketing-research/research-validity-and-reliability/,/, 22/02/2011, 8.15 pm.) (source: www.knowthis.com/principles-of-marketing-tutorials/marketing-research/research-validity-and-reliability/, 27/01/2010, 8.15 pm.)

Fertilizing the Flowers with Anger :: Personal Narrative Writing

Tulips in California-the winters are not cold enough. But the obsessive among us, the true lover of flowers, of garden, earth, and growth persists. Women mostly, women like my mother, know that tulips will not bloom unless they have six weeks of cold, yet they persist. My mother simulates the growing conditions: she places the tulip bulbs in a special drawer in the refrigerator. A drawer empty but for tulip bulbs, resting, maturing for six weeks long. During these six weeks, my father is periodically chastised for placing softening apples in the refrigerator so they will not rot on the kitchen counter. Chemicals released by apples stunt the maturation of tulip bulbs and prevent blooming. "How many times do I have to tell you? The bulbs will not bloom with apples!" my mother screams at my father, when she discovers a bag of apples in the adjoining drawer. He knows this-he has watched the thwarted growth of her tulips time and time again. He refuses to waste good fruit, and he will sacrifice a year of tuliping for the sake of saving. And my mother goes to the nursery and buys another bag full of bulbs. "I have to be on constant look out for those goddamn apples," she says to me over dinner. It amazes and befuddles me, that my mother, who does all the grocery shopping, who chooses all of the fruit, buys apples and only apples, apples in great numbers and different sizes. It is a war they play over and back to each other-wasting money by saving money, wasting fruit by saving tulips, buying more apples to replace the lost fruit, wasting tulips to save the fruit. And so the battle goes-sacrificing to save and saving to sacrifice. It is like this with everything, with everything with my parents. They love each other very much. They are furious in their love-it is an uncontrollable, full-blown process, like the blooming flower, one I will never fully understand. My father goes into fits of depression; he furls his brow, he turns inward, and goes crazy over things like overflowing garbage cans, unfolded laundry, shoes left in the center of the living room floor. His head shakes and his eyes muddy-you can see the pressure and smell the mood. Then he explodes. She stands there and watches him, my father burning like a branch, with her finger pressed to her temple.

Brihadeeswara Temple Essay

Location: The Brihadeeswara is located in Tanjavur district in Tamilnadu, India. The temple was built on the banks of River Cauvery with its water turned to the moat. The temple, constructed entirely of granite, stands amidst fortified walls. There was no rock formation around this area. It is believed that the rocks would have been brought from a place at least 50kms away. History: The temple had its foundations laid out by the Tamil emperor Arulmozhivarman, popularly called Rajaraja Chola I, in 1002 CE, as the first of the great Tamil Chola building projects. It was built to grace the throne of the Chola Empire in compliance of a command given to him in his dream. The scale and grandeur is in the Chola tradition. An axial and symmetrical geometry rules the temple layout. Temples from this period and the following two centuries are an expression of the Chola wealth, power and artistic expertise. The emergence of such features as the multifaceted columns with projecting square capitals signals the arrival of the new Chola style. The Brihadeeswara Temple was built to be the royal temple to display the emperor’s vision of his power and his relationship to the universal order. The temple was the site of the major royal ceremonies such as anointing the emperor and linking him with its deity, Shiva, and the daily rituals of the deities were mirrored by those of the king. It is an architectural exemplar showcasing the pure form of the Dravida type of temple architecture and representative of the Chola Empire ideology and the Tamil civilization in Southern India. The temple â€Å"testifies to the brilliant achievements of the Chola in architecture, sculpture, painting and bronze casting. † Construction: The wish to build a mammoth temple like this is said to have occurred to Rajaraja while he stayed at Sri Lanka as an emperor. This temple is the first building fully built by granite and finished within 5 years [1004AD – 1009AD]. The solid base of the temple raises about 5 metres (16 feet), above which stone deities and representatives of Shiva dance. The huge kalasam or Vimanam (top portion of the shrine) is believed to weigh 81. 28 tonnes and was raised to its present height by dragging on an inclined plane of 6. 44 km. The big Nandi (bull), weighing about 20 tonnes is made of a single stone and is about 2 m in height, 6 m in length and 2. m in width. The presiding deity of lingam is 3. 7m tall. The prakaram (outer precincts of the temple) measures 240m by 125m. The outer wall of the upper storey is carved with 81 dance karanas – postures of Bharathanatyam, the classical dance of Tamils. The shrine of Goddess is added by Pandyas during the 13th century; Subramanya Shrine was renovated by Vijayanagara rulers and the Vinayaka shrine was renovated by Maratha rulers. Architecture: The gopuram of the main entrance is 30 m high, so smaller than the vimana. It is unusual in the Dravidian architecture where the gopurams are generally the main towers and taller than the vimana. A first rectangular surrounding wall, 270 m by 140 m, marks the outer boundary. The main temple is in the center of the spacious quadrangle composed of a sanctuary, a Nandi made of a single stone, a pillared hall and an assembly hall (mandapas), and many sub-shrines. The most important part of the temple is the inner mandapa which is surrounded by massive walls that are divided into levels by sharply cut sculptures and pilasters providing deep bays and recesses. Each side of the sanctuary has a bay emphasizing the principle cult icons. The karuvarai, a Tamil word meaning the interior of the sanctum sanctorum, is the inner most sanctum and focus of the temple where an image of the primary deity, Shiva, resides. Inside is a huge stone lingam. The word Karuvarai means â€Å"womb chamber† from Tamil word karu for foetus. Only priests are allowed to enter this inner-most chamber. In the Dravida style, the Karuvarai takes the form of a miniature vimana with other features exclusive to southern Indian temple architecture such as the inner wall together with the outer wall creating a pradakshina around the garbhagriha for circumambulation (pradakshina). The entrance is highly decorated. The inside chamber housing the image of the god is the sanctum sanctorum, the garbhagriha. The garbhagriha is square and sits on a plinth, its location calculated to be a point of total equilibrium and harmony as it is representative of a microcosm of the universe. In the center is placed the image of the deity. The royal bathing-hall where Rajaraja the great gave gifts is to the east of the hall of Irumudi-Soran. The circumambulation winds around the massive lingam in the garbhagriha and is repeated in an upper story, presenting the idea that Chola Empire freely offered access to the gods. The inner mandapa leads out to a rectangular mandapa and then to a twenty-columned porch with three staircases leading down. Sharing the same stone plinth is a small open mandapa dedicated to Nandi, Shiva’s sacred bull mount. Surrounding the main temple are two walled enclosures. The outer wall is high, defining the temple complex area. Here is the massive gopuram or gateway mentioned above. Within this a portico, a barrel vaulted gorpuram with over 400 pillars, is enclosed by a high wall interspersed with huge gopurams axially lined up to the main temple. Legends: After the death of the patron, Rajaraja Chola I, his son Rajendra I who was a great military leader succeeded him in 1014. During his reign, he extended the territory of already vast Chola Empire up to the banks of the river Ganges in the north and across the ocean. He shifted the capital of the Chola kingdom to Gangaikondacholapuram, about 60km away, and started building a new temple there, as he wanted to build a bigger version of â€Å"The Big Temple†. Rajaraja Chola I donated a big amount of money for the maintenance of the Brihadeeswara. But, Rajendra I had diverted all the money for the construction of his new temple. His decision deprived the Big Temple of royal patronage. However, Rajendra was able to build only a smaller version of the Big Temple, eventually. Furthermore, the Cholas built hundreds of temples along the banks of the River Cauvery, changing its landscape forever. None of the forts and palaces built by the Cholas survives today. But the temples remain and they stand testimony to their achievements. They are also a major tourist attraction for both local and foreign visitors. Myths: The 60-metre tall Vimana is the tallest in South India. A European-like figure which is carved on the Vimana is believed to be an ancient warning of the arrival of the Europeans. Later investigations by archaeologists proposed that this claim may be a hoax. Features: Another widely held belief is that the shadow of the gopuram (pyramidal tower usually over the gateway of a temple) never falls on the ground. . The temple is said to be made up of about 130,000 tons of granite. The Kumbam itself, a 60 ton granite stone carved in one piece, on top of the main gopuram is believed to have been taken to the top by creating an inclined slope to the height of 66m to the top of the gopuram. The prevailing belief is that a mud-slope, which starts at about three miles from the temple site, from Thirukoilore (birthplace of Raja raja’s mother) near Sri Virateshvara swamy temple. Elephants might have been used to drag the stone up the slope. This was claimed to be the only part of the gopuram, which does not cast a shadow that fall on the ground, at least not within the temple premises. Millennium celebrations: Built in the year 1010ce by Rajaraja Chola in Thanjavur, Brihadeeswara Temple popularly known as the ‘Big Temple’ turned 1000 years old in September 2010. To celebrate the 1000th year of the grand structure, the state government and the town held many cultural events. It was to recall the 275th day of his 25th regal year (1010 CE) when Rajaraja Chola (985–1014 CE) handed over a gold-plated kalasam (copper pot or finial) for the final consecration to crown the vimana, the 59. 82-metre tall tower above the sanctum. Latest News: During the consecration (Kumbhabhishekham) of 1997, 48 people were killed in a fire accident and 86 others injured. The incident occurred hours before the Mahakumbabishekam ceremony. It is believed a fire cracker lit near the temple fell on the yagasala; a temporary structure built to accommodate the ritual ceremonies, and sparked the fire that spread to the thatched roofs. A stampede resulted when the panic-stricken devotees rushed the only entrance to the temple on the eastern side. However, another version claimed the fire was caused by a spark from the electric generator. Most of the deaths were reported be caused by the inhalation of carbon monoxide and a few due to burn injuries. The Tamil Nadu Government announced a compensation of Rs 100,000 to the families of the deceased and the injured were paid from Rs 10,000 to Rs 50,000 each. Government of India, Mumbai Mint issued Rs. 1000/- coin to commemorate the 1000th year of the temple. And at last the Brihadeeswara is an unbelievable, extraordinary master piece of architecture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦actually designed not by Rajaraja, but by Somavarma the temple architect†¦

Swot Analyss

Strengths Comar chemicals is regarded as a leader in the tyre and paint industry. This phenomenon is ascribed to the following strengths: †¢Contracts in place with Goodyear, Continental, Plascon, Bridgestone, Dunlop, and Michelin. †¢Product quality of the highest standard. Automated plant control systems in place, constant in-production quality control tests controlled by chemical director, Vernon Redding. Compliant raw materials with specifications are being utilised. †¢Succession planning in place since the appointment of Stefan as operational manager. This person is ear marked to substitute Vernon Redding, in the event of his departure.Buy and sell agreement entered into by directors, Udo Eric Eichrodt and Dieter Roland. †¢Management team is experienced and highly qualified. †¢Udo Eric Eichrodt: 30 years – BComm Marketing Management †¢Dieter Roland: 29 years – Bcomm Investment Management †¢Vernon Redding: 45 years – PhD Chemi stry †¢Stefan: 12 years – BScHons Chemistry †¢May Rossouw: 24 years – BCommHons (Management Accounting) †¢Nicki de Villiers: 15 years – MComm (Transport Economics) †¢Low staff turnover. The company invests in staff morale as it understands it to be its biggest asset. †¢BEE Status 20% black owned, Vernon Redding, Indian.Promotes business in South Africa and abroad. †¢ISO 9001:2008 Certified (International Organization for Standardization. ) Little trouble has been encountered in the past to comply with minimum standards required by this certification. †¢Unqualified annual audited financial statements. This is testament to good governance practiced. Low gearing, although non-current assets are shown at R4m. Market value of plant and property exceeds R20m. Company is liquid, considering current assets to current liabilities ratio of 4:1. †¢Comar chemicals operates from totally owned premises. European Safety & Reliability Ass ociation (ESRA) certified. Toxic waste is dealt with in a responsible and reliable manner. Contamination of ground is highly unlikely as the company places a high premium on â€Å"going green. † †¢Flexibility and research development ensures ongoing sustainability. †¢Product reliability. Order tracking procedure and commitment of staff ensures a good reputation of the company. †¢Absolute advantage, ability to produce specific product more efficiently than any other nation. Factors of production are relatively cheaper than any other country. †¢Zero tolerance for human error.The company has strict rules and procedures that need to be followed to ensure the mainstay of the business. Disciplinary actions are taken against culprits, which could lead to dismissal. Weaknesses The following weaknesses have been identified: †¢Comar Chemicals is faced with multiple taxes due to the fact that it is a multinational enterprise that runs in various different contri es. Operating in various different countries leads to multiple tax jurisdictions. Multiple tax jurisdictions may lead to the overlapping of taxes and the company may end up with a double taxation. (1) †¢The economic model introduces some weaknesses to the company.There are various factors that affect the economic activity of Comar Chemicals. These include the resource limitations placed on the company’s ability to obtain certain chemicals or the availability of chemicals needed in the factors of production. Environmental or geographical constraints can increase their expenses due to extra transportation costs for raw materials and finished goods. The factory could be situated in an area which is prone to seasonal bad weather (Cape Town). This could slow down the process of moving materials and Comar Chemicals will bear the economic impact of a loss of potential revenue and increased costs.Theirs will also be certain institutional and legal requirements that Comar Chemica ls will have to follow and they will vary in the three different countries that they operate in, South Africa, Switzerland and Germany. Comar Chemicals may have to adhere to different legal levels of Co2 production that they create during their production process and will have to regulate these levels in compliance with the legal levels set by the government. †¢Comar Chemicals has no buy and sell agreement supported by life insurance.A buy and sell agreement is a binding legal document that governs the conditions if a co-owner dies or is otherwise forced to leave the business. The fact that there is no buy and sell agreement supported by life cover means that if owner of the company passes way or is forced to leave the business then all the debt or liabilities incurred by the business will be left to the closest relative of the owner. This could lead to a liquidation of the business if there is no insurance cover. Therefore the business is not completely safe in the case of a p ersonal crisis within the business. 2) †¢Promotion for staff is limited due the low staff turnover that Comar Chemicals has. Comar Chemicals has a total of 38 employees that includes two scientists, one accountant and one logistics manager. This can also be seen as a strength however the fact that there are so few employees, there are few promotions to employees. This can cause employees to become less motivated towards their job and company and in turn this could decrease the total production and the total efficiency of production. †¢Employee empowerment is the act of giving more responsibility to workers in the work place. 3) The empowerment of staff can lead to a weakness within Comar Chemicals due to the fact that firstly, the business has a relatively small number of employees. This can lead to an increase in conflict between the employees as to why one employee has been empowered more than another. This can cause bad interpersonal relationships between employees. Emp owerment can also be a weakness if the wrong employee has been empowered to take on a certain task or manage a project that he or she has not been specifically trained for. This could create problems within the managerial and operational sectors of Comar Chemicals.If empowerment of employees is going to be an on-going activity at Comar Chemicals then it has to be carried out in a way that makes sure that the right employees are being empowered for the right reasons. †¢Comar Chemicals has no key man insurance. This is very similar to the absence of a buy and sells agreement, supported by life cover that was previously mentioned. Key man insurance is an insurance policy that is takes out by the business to compensate for financial losses that would arise from the death or extended incapacity of an important member of the business.Key man insurance can cover many insurable losses that include, losses related to the period when the key person was unable to work and insurance to pro tect profits, insurance to protect shareholders and partnership agreements. Without key man insurance, Comar Chemicals is vulnerable to the chance that something happens to the owner and there is no protection or financial security for the business in the future. (4) Opportunities There are many opportunities for Comar Chemicals to utilise to maximise their business productivity and profitability. There are two types of opportunities, external and internal.External opportunities affect the organisation due to independent factors. Internal opportunities exist within the firm. Opportunities, when realised, can have enormous rewards for the business if the opportunities are exploited correctly. An opportunity is indication of positive potential that can help a business increase its success. Possible sources of business opportunities in most industries and markets include: Potential Business Opportunities Technological innovation New demand Market growth Demographic change Social or lif estyle change Government spending programmesHigher economic growthTrade liberalisation EU enlargement Diversification opportunity Deregulation of the market The opportunities that Comar can use to their advantage are: import quotas, developing markets, revising job descriptions/digressions, improving competitive levels, forward exchange cover, Solar power, life policies, association with universities and joint development with customers. An Import Quota is like a form of protection. It fixes the amount of products a foreign producing firm is allowed to bring into a country over a specific time period, which is usually a year.The objective of an import quota is to limit imports into a country therefore encouraging the use of domestic products and services, as the amount of the good being imported is limited the price of the specific good increases therefore domestic firms benefit. Comar, being situated in South Africa, Switzerland and Germany, can use this as an opportunity by increa sing domestic employment. There will be a larger demand for Comar Chemicals because import quotas will make it more expensive to import these goods from international competitors.This will encourage Comar to employ more citizens that are qualified for the job because of the expanding demand of their product and the need for increased labour and skills in the organisation. Comar is a small business, with 38 employees including two scientists, an accountant and a logistics specialist. Comar is 14 years old, which is relatively young compared to it competitors therefore it can be considered an â€Å"infant industry† which is still developing and is not big enough to compete fairly.Import quotas allow Comar to mature onto a same competitive level as international organisations. South Africa is a developing country and the market for metal carboxylates is expanding with the increase of paint and coatings, printing inks and chemical industry, polyester industry, grease and gear oil s industry and PolyButadiene, Isoperene Butadine and Copolymers industry. With the increase of construction and manufacturing in South Africa, these industries are in higher demand than ever before. Comar can improve their competing levels through product quality.Quality relates to ‘appropriate use': how well a product does what it is intended to do. This can include a compliance of raw materials with specifications, detailed manufacturing and quality control test procedures, in-production tests of final products, introduction of automated plant control systems. These quality control methods leave little room for error, positioning the product on a high level of quality which will lead to a smart modern working environment and a reflection of the quality of the business as a whole.Comar’s leading product is COMCAT, which inclueds a rare earth catalyst which is used in the synthetic rubber industry to manufacture advanced rubber tyres – making tyres softer but mor e durable which in turn lowers the level of CO2 emissions from vehicles. This gives Comar a competitive advantage as their products are also helping the environment and decreasing the level of harm through innovative products, which will draw the attraction of buyers.There can often be discrepancies about the actual responsibilities, tasks and duties of a certain position within the organization; this can be managed by revising job descriptions. There must be an accurate reflection of the true functions and responsibilities for a job description to be effective. A comprehensive job description can be used in management to measure employee performance and employees can use the job description as a guideline to comprehend the expectations of the position. This can lead to improved productivity and ohesiveness within the organization to help realize the organizations objectives and goals. Comar can use the opportunity to become involved with universities to further their research and p rovide university departments with their expertise of the product to evolve students into potential employees of their firm or for that specific industry. For example, Comar could give bursaries to deserved students to pay for their studies in a BSC, specializing in COMCAT (PolyButadiene, Isoperene Butadine and Copolymers industry).They could provide all the necessary tools (research, expertise, information) in order to establish awareness of this specific product and market the need for this specific scientist in this field. Joint development with customers involves a good relationship between the manufacturer and the customer. The manufacturer must be enthusiastic and prepared to open up its daily practices and activities to its customers, this will give the customer the opportunity to carefully scrutinize and evaluate the ways in which the manufacturer operates, during the production process, and the quality of the finished products.An important issue when dealing with joint deve lopment with customers is communication. When there is a healthy line of communication between the manufacturer and the customer, there can be am exchange of ideas between parties leading to effective production and customer satisfaction. Threats Threats are conditions in the business environment that are uncontrollable and have the potential to harm business profitability. One of the most common threats is competitors. There are a number of threats that Comar may face, including: future trends in the specific field, social issues, the economy, funding, demographics and the physical environment.When observing the potential threats that Comar may face, the following needs to be determined: the obstacles Comar may face, competitor’s activity, quality standards and changing technology. Threats can be divided into two categories namely, industry threats, an increase in competition or a decrease in the market size, and macro threats, threats that affect all industries in Comarâ₠¬â„¢s area. Possible sources of business threats include Potential Business Threats New market entrants Change in customer tastes or needs Demographic change Consolidation among buyersNew regulationsEconomic downturn Rise of low cost production abroad Higher input prices New substitute products Competitive price pressure A potential threat Comar may face is the diversity. Diversity is often defined as a positive term for a business, but it also comes with threats that have the potential to ruin productivity. Comar has a diverse workforce, co-workers each have different experiences and perceptions as they have all come from different backgrounds. This could cause cultural clashes which can decrease productivity and cohesiveness of the business as a whole.Comar could also experience divisions in staff members due to the formation of cliques and other groups, this can create competition between employees rather than teamwork, a lack of respect amongst one another and this could lead to costly diversity training to resolve diversity issues within the organisation. Comar has a diverse client base as their company is also situated in Switzerland and Germany. It is therefore crucial for Comar have a bi-lingual customer service, if they do not they will lose a massive amount of clientele as there needs to be effective communication between the two parties in order for the business to be successful.Social issues in the business environment may be a threat to Comar. A social system is a pooling of ideas, attitudes and behaviour which are involved in human relations and interactions. Comar is influenced by its customers attitudes and behaviour, if they are negative relationships within the organisation this could dampen productivity and decrease business profitability and if there are social issues external to the organisation, such as political unrest, could affect consumer behaviour negatively and affect the success of the business.The political; and legal system can a lso pose as a threat to Comar, as business have to follow the specific regulations as set out for them by the government, it creates a set of rules and guidelines that business are expected to adhere by, if a business does not there could be serious consequences that could lead to decreased profitability and even as far as a business being banned. The monetary system facilitates business exchange. Monetary activity has distinct basic functions, namely saving, borrowing, spending and earning, which are all linked to business profitability.Comar has to pay careful attention to all these activities because each of these factors can easily turn into a threat for the business. There are many different parties involved when dealing with money, they are financial institutions, debtors, creditors, customers and suppliers. The interest rate is very important when Comar is dealing with its monetary activities, when an interest rate is high, it increases Comar’s costs and will limit the amount of spending that Comar can participate in.Exchange rates are the value of one nation’s currency in comparison to another. It is very important when determining a business’s effectiveness and whether it will serve as an opportunity or a threat. Comar is a company that does business in South Africa and globally, therefore exchange rates will have an enormous effect on the profitability. When Comar exchanges its products over national borders causing another currency to become involve, fluctuations in exchange rates can lead to profits or losses for Comar.Comar is at an advantage when the rand is relatively strong compared to the currency that the organisation is trading with. When the rand is weak compared to the business it is doing the exchange with, Comar is at a disadvantage as it will be more costly to exchange products across borders. A massive threat that Comar faces is import duty, which is a tax on goods imported into a country. This causes prices to be higher because of the tax cost involved. This cost is passed onto consumers at higher prices, which in turn can lead to consumer dissatisfaction and a loss in clients.Trade restrictions were introduced to restrict importing for many reasons, mainly to protect domestic industries. There are two types of restrictions, tariffs and non-tariffs. Non-tariffs include, methods such as embargo, import quota – which is a limitation on the amount of goods a business is allowed to import, foreign exchange control and currency devaluation. These trade restrictions pose a massive threat to Comar because the organisation is continuously trading over borders and having to deal with trade restrictions, which will inevitably hinder profitability.

Human right issues Essay

India’s earliest settlements are believed to have developed in the culture hearths of the Indus Valley around 2600 B.C.E. and in the Ganges Valley around 1500 B.C.E. These societies were mainly composed of ethnic Dravidians who had an economy based on commerce and agricultural trade. Aryan tribes are believed to have then invaded the area after they migrated into the Indian subcontinent from the northwest. It is thought that they introduced the caste system which is still common in many parts of India today. During the 4th century B.C.E, Alexander the Greatintroduced Greek practices into the region when he expanded across Central Asia. During the 3rd century B.C.E, the Mauryan Empire came into power in India and was most successful under its emperor, Ashoka. Throughout subsequent periods Arab, Turkish and Mongol peoples entered India and in 1526, a Mongol Empire was established there, which later expanded throughout most of northern India. During this time, such landmarks as the Taj Mahal were also constructed. Much of India’s history after the 1500s was then dominated by British influences. The first British colony was in 1619 with English East India Company at Surat. Shortly thereafter, permanent trading stations opened in present-day Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkata. British influence then continued to expand from these initial trading stations and by the 1850s, most of India and other countries such as Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh were controlled by Britain. By the late 1800s, India began working toward independence from Britain but it did not come until the 1940s however when Indian citizens began to unite and British Labor Prime Minister Clement Attlee began to push for India’s independence. On August 15, 1947, India officially became a dominion within the Commonwealth and Jawaharlal Nehru was named India’s Prime Minister. India’s first constitution was written shortly thereafter on January 26, 1950 and at that time, it officially became a member of the British Commonwealth. Since gaining its independence, India has undergone significant growth in terms of its population and economy however, there were periods of instability in the country and much of its population today lives extreme poverty. Government of India Today India’s government is a federal republic with two legislative bodies. The legislative bodies consist of the Council of States, also called Rajya Sabha, and the People’s Assembly, which is called the Lok Sabha. India’s executive branch has a chief of state and a head of government. There are also 28 states and seven union territories in India. Economics Land Use in India India’s economy today is a varied mix of small village farming, modern large scale agriculture as well as modern industries. The service sector is also an incredibly large part of India’s economy as many foreign companies such places as call centers located in the country. In addition to the service sector, India’s largest industries are textiles, food processing, steel, cement, mining equipment, petroleum, chemicals and computer software. India’s agricultural products include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, tea, sugarcane, dairy products and livestock. Geography and Climate of India The geography of India is diverse and can be divided into three main regions. The first is the rugged, mountainous Himalayan region in the northern part of the country, while the second is called the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It is in this region that most of India’s large-scale agriculture takes place. The third geographic region in India is the plateau region in the southern and  central portions of the country. India also has three major river systems which have large deltas that take over a large portion of the land. These are the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. India’s climate is also varied but is tropical in the south and mainly temperate in the north. The country also has a pronounced monsoon season from June to September in it southern portion. More Facts about India †¢ India’s people are 80% Hindu, 13% Muslim and 2% Christian. These divisions have historically caused tensions between different religious groups. †¢ Hindi and English are India’s official languages, but there are also 17 regional languages that are considered official. †¢ India has several cities that have undergone place name changes such as Bombay being renamed Mumbai. These changes were mainly done in an effort to return the city names to local dialects, as opposed to British translations.

George Whitefield Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

George Whitefield - Term Paper Example Whitefield was educated at home by his mother and later in life at St. Mary de Crypt School and Pembroke College, Oxford2. Whitefield was s diligent student but he was a loner. He spent a lot of time meditating; in fact, he was once reported to have meditated for six weeks without any food except bread or tea. This experience weakened him so much that he had to see a doctor 2. Whitefield was ordained as a minister at the tender age of 21. The bishop who ordained him had earlier said he would refuse to ordain anyone that young but Whitefield showed some remarkable characteristics that were ideal for preaching, he was exceptionally hard-working, he was ready to learn, he had a vivid imagination, he attracted children and perhaps most importantly of all, he exuded an exuberance that made people listen to him. Whitefield mainly preached against sin and for Jesus Christ1. It was Whitefield’s association with brothers Charles and John Weasley that led him to Georgia, America as a missionary. Whitefield spent the year after being ordained preaching in the UK and raising funds to travel to Georgia2. The Weasley brothers had both been preaching in America to no avail and they had failed to convert the masses of people1,2. However, when Whitefield arrived in America, he found he had a voice almost immediately. People listened to him and responded almost immediately. His charisma probably contributed to this greatly. A year after his arrival, Whitefield decided to return to the UK to collect funds for an orphanage that was being planned by the colony’s founder. The orphanage and schools, when they were built finally helped an abundance of people. Whitefield never profited from this endeavour financially1. After his first trip to America, Whitefield made six more trips. Each journey across the Atlantic was danger but Whitefield had a large audience which he wanted to preach to in America1,2. In 1940, in Philadelphia, he preached to fifteen thousand people,

Woolworths UK Management Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Woolworths UK Management Challenges - Essay Example Woolworths is affected by some human resource-based issues plaguing the retail industry. For instance, some clients have asserted that before purchasing items in any retail store, they usually consider behaviors of the store’s employees. Woolworths has received numerous reviews about this aspect. Consumer surveys have indicated that a half of retail purchasers are happy with Woolworth’s consumer service while the other halves have asserted that their employees are rude. Consequently, the company has to work on the latter percentage. (Hammer and Champy, 1993) Marketing strategies are crucial to running any business. For companies to dwell in the retail sector today, they need to portray a clear theme in their advertisement and marketing strategies. Woolworths’ marketing manager asserts that the company’s marketing strategy is largely centered on three major categories and these are; These three themes are what make Woolworths stand out. However, other critics assert that Woolworths is severely lacking in this area. They claim that while other retail chain stores are distinct and stand out depending on specific themes; Woolworths has nothing special that makes it unique. Consequently, this is a marketing or branding issue that will affect future decisions made by Woolworths. Demand determinants are also instrumental in determining how Woolworths performs in the UK market. There are a number of things that UK consumers look for when shopping in retail chain stores and some of them include When one talks about convenience, they are referring to the ease of reach with which one can find commodities in retail stores. This is usually depicted by the manner of arrangement.

Intro to third sector Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Intro to third sector - Article Example The leaders of diversity should be passionate enough to understand the issue and they themselves should have a faith on what they intend to preach. An organization that is at a height of its success must have diverse human resources and the employees should experience a sense of fulfillment while they are working in the organization. In order to manage the diversity issues the senior management must stress or lend their focus on deciding the policies or their implementation that will impact upon the working culture. They must focus on the needs that will meet the requirements of the workforce and will contribute in maximizing the productivity. Therefore some of the skills required for the decision makers are an understanding of the diversity concepts as well as acceptance of them, recognition that the concept of diversity is in built in every aspect of the management process, a rough understanding of their own culture or identities, the willingness to change or break through the chal lenges that exist among the different diverse groups. So it can be stated that diversity is an integral part of the process of management. Some of the challenges that might be faced by the decision makers are how to make the work more appealing to the workforce so that they do not feel monotonous, the recruitment process should be diverted and can be directed to target workers from different cultural backgrounds, eliminating the bias if any from the interview and selection process. There are some advantages or bottom line benefits from promoting workplace diversity. One thing should be kept in mind that retaining of employees can be more difficult than selecting them. This is more true in case of companies which has offices in different parts of the world and the isolated employees or the minority group may feel disconnected. IBM is such an organization that practices diversity leadership and encourages workplace diversity, non- discrimination and work life balance in the organizati on. Since its inception the company has presented several examples of this open-mindedness and the culture of the company is such that it makes a statement to the entire world about the way any business should be run. Discussion Instances of courageous diversity leaders are not uncommon in the world in different fields. For example Jackie Robinson being a sportsperson could preach the message to the entire community that people should take players in a team based on their talent rather than the color of their skin. It is the performance that matters to the individuals rather than the ethnicity and background from where they come from. There are many cases in IBM which proves that the company promotes the diversity in the behavior of the senior management and the employees. There are different cases of diversity that the companies face. First of all, there is gender discrimination in most of the organizations. Despite comprising half of the human population of the world, the companie s do not hire women in a consistent ratio compared to men. Discrimination exists in cases of promotion of women. Most of the top executives of the companies are men. Very few women are actually allowed to take part in the decision making process in the top management. Secondly, the world at present is a global village where people from different backgrounds and ethnicity work. Harmony

Marketing report (Strategic analysis of Primark Stores Ltd.) Assignment

Marketing report (Strategic analysis of Primark Stores Ltd.) - Assignment Example Data gathering as a methodology of research is done in an exploratory manner. Sources of data come from secondary information from published statistics, journals and company website. Result of the situation analysis provides Primark vital information as to changes of objectives, strategies and marketing plan in order to attain profitability of the company. Proposal for new objectives, strategies and marketing plan is recommended. Part 1 showed that economic factors slows down growth of the industry, thus limiting potentials of Primark in UK; their leadership in the market is threatened by stiff competition, and that the image created by their â€Å"cheap† product does not augurs well for the company. In view of these findings, part 2 shows changes in the marketing objectives, strategies and marketing plan in order to correspond with the findings. Situation analysis has been done in order to provide information as to decisions for changes and improvement of the company. Title: Strategic Analysis of Primark Stores Ltd. From: To: Date: Strategic analysis of Primark Stores Ltd. Introduction This report comes in two parts. First part reports on the situational analysis of the environmental factors that influences strategic decision of Primark Stores Ltd. Second part details the strategic choices company should undertake in response to the major issues identified in the situation analysis. ... Part 2 includes recommendation for new marketing objectives, targeting and positioning, growth strategies, competitive advantage and a marketing mix program. Method of research. This will be an exploratory research wherein secondary data is gathered from published journals, company website, books and internet sources. Data is collated to form a concrete opinion and findings. Findings will be relevant to the company in forming strategic marketing decisions to improve strategies and approaches in Primark’s operation. Findings and discussion . Part 1. Report begins with the internal analysis of the company, and the external analysis of customers, competitors, and climate. Company. The Primark Stores Ltd. Started operations in Dublin, Ireland in June 1969. Today, it has expanded operations in other places; has increased the total number of its stores from 191 in 2009 to 204 in 2010 and plans to enlarge the number of their stores thru expansion by region. Their stores are located i n Republic of Ireland, United Kingdom, Iberia, Spain and in other places Its product line includes women’s wear, lingerie, children’s wear, men’s wear, footwear, accessories, hosiery and home ware. Image created in the market is the cheapest clothing retailer. Primark has become a fashion sensation through its high quality, high fashion basics culture. Immediate goal is to achieve profitability through expansion into new countries, arrive at new products that will excite customers and staff alike. Primark has established its leadership in the market through low cost and differentiation strategies to get the loyalty of its customers. Primark, in its annual report, has reported a 35% increase in income and is considered as an